Clinical Studies

GoChi Effects Chart

GoChi Effect Study Graph

January 2008 - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study of the General Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChi™

Background

For thousands of years, the goji berry (Lycium barbarum) has been a mainstay of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and its remarkable and diverse health-promoting properties have earned it a reputation as Asia’s most potent health food. But outside of its native continent, the goji berry was virtually unknown until FreeLife International® introduced the Asian health secret to the world with the 2003 launch of Himalayan Goji® Juice. Since that time, goji has attracted increasing media attention as an anti-aging superfruit, and it has become a favorite of celebrities, world-class athletes, and health-savvy consumers worldwide.

The global goji phenomenon has aroused much scientific interest as well, and there are now dozens of published research papers that offer scientific validation of the berry’s legendary attributes. Science has also revealed that the goji berry’s broad-based health benefits are due primarily to the presence of unique molecules, not found in any other fruit, called Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). Unlike dried berries or any other goji product, Himalayan Goji Juice is standardized to a consistently high level of the all-important LBP.

Reasons for the Study

Since its launch, users of Himalayan Goji Juice have reported dramatic and rapid improvements in energy levels, quality of sleep, feelings of calmness and contentment, reduction of stress, and other key health aspects. It was proposed that these rapid and noticeable improvements might be attributable to the juice’s high degree of LBP standardization and high absorption potential, and to support this, a study was designed to attempt to demonstrate these same dramatic results under rigorous and tightly controlled clinical conditions. For this study, FreeLife® selected GoChi™, the next generation of Himalayan Goji Juice. The result of several years of scientific development, GoChi is an enhanced Himalayan Goji Juice formula containing at least 30% more bioactive LBP than the original formula. GoChi is also preservative-free, is certified both kosher and halal, and has 20% fewer calories and an even better taste than the original formula.

Study Design

The duration, sample population, and methods of this randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study conformed to the norms of FDA Good Clinical Practice. In this 14-day clinical trial, 35 healthy adult subjects were divided into two groups selected at random to ensure fair and even distribution of health status between the two groups. After a two-week washout period for all subjects, the GoChi group was administered a 120 ml (4 fl. oz.) daily dose of a goji juice (GoChi) containing a standardized content of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP), the acknowledged bioactive principles of the goji berry. The second, or placebo group, received a 120 ml (4 fl. oz.) daily dose of a placebo control solution that tasted, smelled, and looked like GoChi, but did not contain any goji juice or LBP. The participants had no knowledge as to whether they were drinking the GoChi or the placebo, and the scientists also had no knowledge as to which group was receiving the GoChi or the placebo. The GoChi group consisted initially of 17 individuals, of which 16 completed the study. The placebo group consisted of 18 individuals.

Based upon the properties of Lycium barbarum in TCM and the health benefits reported by FreeLife customers, the participants were examined by questionnaire for subjective ratings (0-5) of general feelings of well-being, neurological/psychological traits, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular complaints, as well as any adverse effects. Data were statistically analyzed for changes between day 1 and day 15. Descriptive statistics were calculated for placebo and GoChi for all dependent measures and summarized as means and standard errors. For all clinical symptom questions under all categories, each question was graded and the scores analyzed for changes between day 1 and day 15 with the nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs tests.

Results

The GoChi group showed statistically significant improvements (confidence level at 90-99%) between day 1 and day 15 in the following 13 key health aspects: increased energy, less fatigue, increased focus and mental acuity, improved athletic performance, reduced stress, increased feelings of calmness and contentment, feeling happier, healthier and more regular, better quality of sleep, and easier ability to awaken in the morning. In addition, over 90% of those who consumed GoChi reported feeling an improvement in their health.

In contrast to the GoChi group, the placebo group only showed a statistically significant improvement in 1 of the 13 categories (happiness). No statistically significant changes were found in any of the other 12 categories. There were no adverse events reported by any subjects in either the GoChi or the placebo group during the study period.

Conclusion

The results shown in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical study clearly indicate that daily consumption of GoChi can cause immediate and significant improvement in 13 aspects of general well-being, neurological/psychological traits, and gastrointestinal function. These reported benefits are consistent with previously published experimental studies, with the prescribed uses of Lycium barbarum as practiced in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and with the benefits reported by FreeLife customers the world over.

GoChi Antioxidant Study Graph

April 2008 - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study of the in vivo Antioxidant Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChi™

Background

For thousands of years, the goji berry (Lycium barbarum) has been a mainstay of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and its remarkable and diverse health-promoting properties have earned it a reputation as Asia’s most potent health food. Goji’s ancient tradition is now being confirmed by modern science, and dozens of published research papers have revealed that the goji berry’s broad-based health benefits are due primarily to the presence of unique molecules, not found in any other fruit, called Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). Unlike dried berries or any other goji product, FreeLife’s GoChi™ is standardized to an unprecedented potency of the all-important LBP.

In a recent clinical study, which was accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, participants who used GoChi experienced significant improvement in 13 key aspects of health and well-being in just 14 days.* The new antioxidant study discussed herein is yet another demonstration of the remarkable power of GoChi, and it illustrates FreeLife’s ongoing commitment to lead the nutrition industry in clinical research, product efficacy, and evidence-based product formulation.

Reasons for the Study

Antioxidants play an important role in preventing damage to the body caused by harmful environmental oxygen free radicals. Although ordinary oxygen (O2) is necessary for life, its free radical forms are unstable and can attack healthy cells, causing premature aging and contributing to disease. For this reason, many people seek to increase their intake of dietary antioxidants, especially foods and beverages with high scores on a laboratory test called ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity). But ORAC only measures antioxidant potential in a test tube and does not take into account the complexities of the human body. Many food antioxidants, particularly those found in fruits and fruit juices, are not well-absorbed and so they become trapped in the digestive tract. The poor bioavailability of fruit antioxidants has been well-documented in important research papers.(1,2)

It is far more meaningful to human health to maintain high serum levels of the body’s own (endogenous) antioxidants, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These vital antioxidant enzymes circulate in the blood throughout the entire body to neutralize all types of free radicals before they can do harm. The enzymes have other important functions as well: SOD plays a key role in the body’s inflammation responses, and glutathione enzymes like GSH-Px are necessary for many detoxification processes. Both enzymes are especially effective at reducing lipid peroxidation, a particularly dangerous form of free-radical damage that is associated with increased health risk. In blood tests, lipid peroxidation is indicated by the presence of the toxic body chemical malondialdehyde (MDA).

Prior third-party research studies in cell culture and in animals have suggested that goji’s bioactive LBP might improve antioxidant protection by reducing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH-Px. This study is the first controlled human clinical trial to attempt to demonstrate an actual in vivo increase in antioxidant power and a corresponding decrease in harmful free-radical activity.

1 Manach C, Scalbert A, Morand C, Rémésy C, Jiménez L. Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79: 727-47
2 Scalbert A, Williamson G. Dietary intake and bioavailability of polyphenols. J Nutr 2000; 130(8): 2073S-2085S

Study Design

This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled 30-day clinical trial was conducted at a prestigious independent research institute in Asia and was designed to conform to the spirit of US FDA Good Clinical Practice. Fifty healthy adult subjects were divided into two groups selected at random to ensure fair and even distribution of health status between the two groups. The GoChi group was administered 120 ml (4 fl. oz.) daily of GoChi. The placebo group received the same daily dosing of an inactive placebo, a control solution that tasted, smelled, and looked like GoChi, but did not contain any goji juice or LBP. Neither the participants nor the scientists had any knowledge as to which group was drinking the GoChi and which was drinking the placebo. Furthermore, the participants and scientists had no affiliation with FreeLife®, and had no familiarity with GoChi or Himalayan Goji® Juice prior to the start of the study.

Before beginning the study, all participants were tested for serum levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA. There were no significant differences in starting point levels between the two groups, thus confirming suitability and compatibility. After the 30-day duration of the trial, serum analysis was performed once again in each group to determine statistically if there were any significant changes in serum SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA between the start of the study and its completion.

Results

The GoChi group showed highly significant (p<0.01) improvements in serum levels of both endogenous antioxidant enzymes. SOD was increased by 8.39% over the starting point, and GSH-Px was increased by 9.87%. Along with the increased antioxidant activity observed in this study, there was a corresponding reduction in MDA, a prime indicator of free-radical damage and a known health risk factor. MDA levels were improved significantly (p<0.05) in the GoChi group, decreasing 8.66% during the course of the study. No statistically significant changes were found in the placebo group for any of the three serum markers tested. There were no adverse events reported by any subjects in either the GoChi or the placebo group during the study period.

Unlike the GoChi group, the placebo group experienced no meaningful change in immune status. When compared to the placebo group, the GoChi group also experienced far greater and statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in well-being, with a 63% total improvement in areas such as reduced fatigue and improved sleep quality, and with a tendency toward improved short-term memory and mental focus over the trial period. These findings were consistent with those shown in previous GoChi studies.

Conclusion

The results shown in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study clearly indicate that daily consumption of GoChi for 30 days can significantly improve three key aspects of healthy immune function, and the study re-confirms previous findings that GoChi can improve general health and well-being with no observed toxicity or side effects.*

*This statement has not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

GoChi Immune Study Graph

April 2008 - A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study of the Immunomodulation and General Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChi™

Background

For thousands of years, the goji berry (Lycium barbarum) has been a mainstay of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and its remarkable and diverse health-promoting properties have earned it a reputation as Asia’s most potent health food. Goji’s ancient tradition is now being confirmed by modern science, and dozens of published research papers have revealed that the goji berry’s broad-based health benefits are due primarily to the presence of unique molecules, not found in any other fruit, called Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP). Unlike dried berries or any other goji product, FreeLife’s GoChi™ is standardized to an unprecedented potency of the all-important LBP.

In a recent clinical study, which was accepted for publication in the peer-reviewed Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, participants who used GoChi experienced significant improvement in 13 key aspects of health and well-being in just 14 days.* The new antioxidant study discussed herein is yet another demonstration of the remarkable power of GoChi, and it illustrates FreeLife’s ongoing commitment to lead the nutrition industry in clinical research, product efficacy, and evidence-based product formulation.

Reasons for the Study

From the earliest writings, the medical texts of Asia have declared the goji berry to be highly superior for maintaining the health and well-being of the entire body. The ancient herbalists had observed that those who used goji on a daily basis were healthier, more resistant to stress, and more resilient in their ability to recover from adversity. Today, scientists believe that these far-ranging traditionally observed benefits are directly related to the effects of goji’s unique bioactive polysaccharides (LBP) on the immune system, and this connection has been demonstrated in studies by numerous researchers. These investigations, however, have been performed primarily in cell culture and in animals. Although they may be predictive of the action of LBP in humans, they are not the equivalent of a controlled human trial. And so, this study was undertaken to scientifically investigate 4000 years of tradition by examining the effect of GoChi – a juice standardized to an exceptionally high potency of LBP – on three key serum markers of immunity. FreeLife® also sought to replicate the improvements in general well-being and neurological and psychological performance that were observed in its previous research.

Study Design

This randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled 30-day clinical trial was conducted at a prestigious independent research institute in Asia and was designed to conform to the spirit of FDA Good Clinical Practice. Sixty healthy adult subjects were divided into two groups selected at random to ensure fair and even distribution of age, gender, health, and immune status between the two groups. The GoChi group was administered 120 ml (4 fl. oz.) daily of GoChi. The placebo group received the same daily dosing of an inactive placebo; a control solution that tasted, smelled, and looked like GoChi, but did not contain any goji juice or LBP. Neither the participants nor the scientists had any knowledge as to which group was drinking the GoChi and which was drinking the placebo. Furthermore, the participants and scientists had no affiliation with FreeLife, and had no familiarity with GoChi or Himalayan Goji® Juice prior to the start of the study.

Before beginning the study, all participants were given questionnaires to assess their starting point values for general well-being, and neurological and psychological performance. To determine starting point immune status, extensive physical exams were given, including blood chemistry, and urine and stool analysis. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the starting point, thus confirming suitability and compatibility. After the 30-day duration of the trial, complete workups were performed once again on all participants to determine statistically if there were any significant changes in each category between the start of the study and its completion. These tests found no abnormal changes in body weight, blood pressure, pulse rate, urine, stool, blood panel, and blood biochemistry in either group, and there were no adverse events reported by any subjects in either the GoChi or the placebo group during the study period, thus demonstrating the safety of GoChi

Results

After 30 days, the GoChi group showed statistically significant (p<0.05) improvements in three key markers of immune health:

  • First noted was a 27% increase in lymphocytes. These small white blood cells defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and toxins, and they also serve to command and direct many other immune functions.
  • Also found was a 58% increase in interleukin-2 (IL-2), a special cell messenger protein that alerts the immune system when danger is present. IL-2 also recruits stem cells for conversion into a wide range of T-cells, a vital part of the body’s targeted response to specific threats.
  • Another important finding was a 19% increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG), a powerful and essential antibody that seeks out bacteria, viruses, molds, yeasts, and allergens, and then marks them for destruction by other divisions of the immune system.

Unlike the GoChi group, the placebo group experienced no meaningful change in immune status. When compared to the placebo group, the GoChi group also experienced far greater and statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in well-being, with a 63% total improvement in areas such as reduced fatigue and improved sleep quality, and with a tendency toward improved short-term memory and mental focus over the trial period. These findings were consistent with those shown in previous GoChi studies.

Conclusion

The results shown in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study clearly indicate that daily consumption of GoChi for 30 days can significantly improve three key aspects of healthy immune function, and the study re-confirms previous findings that GoChi can improve general health and well-being with no observed toxicity or side effects.*

*This statement has not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

List of Scientific Publications in the various peer-reviewed scientific journals during 2008-present

  1. Amagase H. “A Combination of Various Functional Food Ingredients as a Weight Management Program (TAIslim® Total Body System): Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Human Clinical Studies” Journal of Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 12:555-573, 2011.
  2. Amagase H and Nance, DM. “Lycium barbarum increases caloric expenditure and decreases waist circumference in healthy overweight men and women: Pilot Study” Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 30(5):304-309, 2011.
  3. Amagase H and Farnsworth NR. “A Review of Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, Clinical Relevance in Efficacy and Safety of Lycium barbarum Fruit (Goji)” Food Research International, 44: 1702–1717, 2011.
  4. Reeve VE, Allanson M, Arun SJ, Domanski D and Painter N. “Mice drinking goji berry juice (Lycium barbarum) are protected from UV radiation-induced skin damage via antioxidant pathways” Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 9: 601-607, 2010.
  5. Amagase H, Sun B, and Nance, DM. ”Immunomodulatory Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum Fruit Juice in Chinese Older Healthy Human Subjects” Journal of Medicinal Foods 12(5): 1159-1165, 2009.
  6. Amagase H, Sun B, Borek C. “Lycium barbarum (goji) juice shows significant in vivo antioxidant effects in human serum in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study” Nutrition Reaserch 29: 19-25, 2009.
  7. Amagase, H and Nance, DM. “A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study of the General Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChiTM” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 14 (4): 403-412, 2008.

List of Scientific Presentations at the various international scientific meetings during 2008-present

  1. Amagase H and Handel R. “Fruit- and Vegetable-Based Condiments Increased Taste Preference and Stimulated Postprandial Energy Expenditure More Than Meal Replacement Alone When Combined With Liquid Dietary Supplement TAIslim®, a Combination of Lycium barbarum Fruit (goji) Juice, Indigestible Dietary Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl Tyrosine and Tea Extract” Abstract #629-P, OBESITY 2011, 29th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Obesity Society, Orlando, FL, October 1-5, 2011.
  2. Amagase H and Handel R. “Lycium Barbarum, Fiber and Functional Food-Containing Weight Management System: Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Human Clinical Studies” Functional Food Components in Health and Disease, Science and Practice, Volume 9 edited by Martirosyan DM and Nicolson GL. pp. 268-270, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference - Functional Food Components in Health and Disease, San Diego, August 16-18, 2011.
  3. Amagase H and Handel R. “Body Weight Reduction, Appetite Suppression and Caloric Expenditure Stimulation by TAIslim® Total Body System*: Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Human Clinical Studies.

    *A Combination of Liquid Dietary Supplement Containing Indigestible Soluble Dietary Fiber, L-Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Tea Extract with Polyphenols plus Caffeine and Lycium barbarum (TAIslim®) with Glucomannan Fiber-containing Meal Replacement Shake (TAIslim® SHAKE) and Chew (TAIslim® SKINNY) under Exercise and Diet Control.” FASEB J. March 17, 2011 25:776.15.
  4. Amagase, H and Nance, DM. “Resting Metabolic Rate is Synergistically Stimulated by a Single Bolus Lycium barbarum Fruit Juice Intake Combined with Indigestible Dietary Fiber in Healthy Human Adults.” FASEB J. March 17, 2011 25:774.4.
  5. Amagase, H and Nance, DM. “Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) is Increased Synergistically by Single Bolus Intake of Lycium barbarum Fruit (Goji) Juice When Combined with Indigestible Dietary Fiber and/or Caffeine, but not by Fiber or Caffeine alone” Advances and Controversies in Clinical Nutrition 2011, San Francisco, CA, February 25-27, 2011.
  6. Amagase H and Handel R. “Clinical Effects of Combining A Liquid Dietary Supplement Containing A Combination of Indigestible Soluble Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Tea Extract with Polyphenols and Caffeine and Lycium barbarum (TAIslim®), Glucomannan fiber-Containing Chew (TAIslim® SKINNY) and Meal Replacement Shake (TAIslim® SHAKE) on Appetite and Gastrointestinal Parameters: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Blinded Human Clinical Study” Abstract #213403, OBESITY 2010, 28th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Obesity Society, San Diego, October 8-12, 2010.
  7. Amagase H and Handel R. “Caloric Expenditure is Stimulated by a Single Bout of Lycium barbarum Combined With Indigestible Fiber, or Combination of These in Various Food Forms Indicated by Resting Metabolic Rate in Healthy Human Adults” Abstract #213380, OBESITY 2010, 28th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Obesity Society, San Diego, October 8-12, 2010.
  8. Amagase H and Handel R. “Sub-Chronic Effects of Orally Taken Liquid Dietary Supplement, TAIslim® Containing A Combination of Indigestible Soluble Dietary Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-Tyrosine, Caffeine, Tea Polyphenols and Lycium barbarum on Body Weight and Other Anthropometric Parameters in a Controlled Cross-over Human Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2010; 24:936.13.
  9. Amagase H. “Comparison of Lycium barbarum-containing Liquid Dietary Supplements to Caffeinated Beverages on Energy/Caloric Metabolism Activity and Salivary Adrenocortical Hormone levels in Healthy Human Adults” FASEB J. 2010; 24:540.13.
  10. Amagase H. “Impact of Orally Consumed Lycium barbarum on Various Urinary Neurotransmitter Levels in Healthy Human Male Adults” FASEB J. 2010; 24:540.12.
  11. Amagase H and Handel R. “Comparison of Various Preparations of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan) and its Main Active Constituents, Gypenoside Saponins, on Resting Metabolic Rate: Controlled Human Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2010; 24:lb264.
  12. Amagase H and Campbell J. “Kinetic Analysis of the Impact of A Single Bolus Intake of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan)-containing Liquid Dietary Supplement, JULE of the OrientTM on Human Peripheral Blood Circulation” FASEB J. 2010; 24:lb334.
  13. Amagase H and Nance DM. “Impact of 2-week Oral Consumption of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Jiaogulan)-containing Liquid Dietary Supplement, JULE of the OrientTM on Various Subjective Symptoms, Blood Circulation, Blood Pressure and Other Anthropometric Parameters: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Human Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2010; 24:lb336.
  14. Amagase H and Handel R. “Acute Clinical Effects of A Liquid Dietary Supplement Containing A Combination of Indigestible Soluble Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-Tyrosine, Caffeine, Tea Polyphenols and Lycium barbarum on Anthropometric Parameters and Resting Metabolic Rate” Abstract #166261, OBESITY 2009, 27th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Obesity Society, Washington, DC, October 24-28, 2009.
  15. Amagase H and Handel R. “Kinetic Analysis of Energy/Caloric Metabolism Activity of a Single Bout of Consuming Various Beverages and Dietary Supplements in Healthy Human Adults: Comparison of Lycium barbarum-containing Liquid Dietary Supplements to Caffeinated Beverages” Abstract #166262, OBESITY 2009, 27th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Obesity Society, Washington, DC, October 24-28, 2009.
  16. Nance DM, Amagase H and Luczy-Bachman G: 94. Effects of Lycium barbarum on basal and lps-induced cytokine production. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 23(Suppl 2):S51, 2009. PNIRS 2009, PsychoNeuroImmunology Research Society Annual Meeting 2009.
  17. Amagase H and Handel R. “Acute Effects of A Liquid Dietary Supplement, TAIslimTM Containing A Combination of Indigestible Soluble Dietary Fiber, Phenylalanine, N-Acetyl-Tyrosine, Caffeine, Tea Polyphenols and Lycium barbarum on Resting Metabolic Rate: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study” FASEB J. 2009; 23:lb474.
  18. Amagase H and Nance DM. “Effect of Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChi® Intake on Resting Metabolic Rate and Waist Circumference: Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Clinical Studies” FASEB J. 2009; 23:lb419.
  19. Amagase H and Nance DM. “Lycium barbarum Attenuates Increased Plasma Stress Hormone Levels Induced by a Short and Intense Exercise Challenge. A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Human Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2009; 23:104.6
  20. Amagase H and Nance DM. “Effects of Lycium barbarum on Feelings of General Well-being, Neurological/Psychological Traits and Plasma Levels of Catecholamines.  A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Human Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2009; 23:716.2.
  21. Amagase H and Hsu CHP. “Meta-analysis of the General Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum Fruit Juice Shown in Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Human Clinical Studies” FASEB J. 2009; 23:716.1.
  22. Amagase H and Handel R. “Randomized, blind, placebo-controlled human clinical studies showed waist circumference reduction by an intake of standardized Lycium barbarum fruit juice” at the 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of Obesity Society in Phoenix, AZ, October 3-7, 2008.
  23. Amagase H and Nance DM. “Improvement of Sleep Quality by a Standardized Lycium barbarum Fruit Juice Shown in a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Human Clinical Study” at 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF in Athens, Greece, August 3-8, 2008.
  24. Amagase H, Sun B and Nance DM. “Immune Modulation by a Standardized Lycium barbarum Fruit (Goji) Juice in Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Studies” at 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF in Athens, Greece, August 3-8, 2008.
  25. Amagase H, Sun B and Nance DM. “Clinical Studies of Improving General Well-Being by a Standardized Lycium barbarum Fruit Juice” at 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF in Athens, Greece, August 3-8, 2008.
  26. Farnsworth NR, Amagase H, Sun B and Nance DM. “Botanical Characteristics, Chemical Constituents and Clinical Relevance of Lycium barbarum” at 7th Joint Meeting of GA, AFERP, ASP, PSI & SIF in Athens, Greece, August 3-8, 2008.
  27. Reeve VE, Allanson M, Domanski D. “Mice drinking goji berry juice are protected against photoimmune suppression via haem oxygenase induction.” Abstract #WAM1-1, at ASP2008, Annual meeting of the American Society for Photobiology, Burlingame, CA, June 20-25, 2008
  28. Amagase, H. and Nance, DM. “A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study of the General Effects of GoChi™, a standardized Lycium barbarum (goji) juice” FASEB J. 2008; 22:889.16.
  29. Amagase, H. and Sun, B. “Immunomodulation, General Effects and Safety of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChiTM shown in a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study” FASEB J. 2008; 22:lb776.
  30. Amagase, H. and Sun, B. “GoChi™, a standardized Lycium barbarum (goji) juice, shows significant in vivo antioxidant effects in human serum in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study” FASEB J. 2008; 22:lb781.
  31. Amagase, H. “A controlled clinical study showed waist circumference reduction by a standardized Lycium barbarum (goji) juice, GoChiTM” FASEB J. 2008; 22:lb771.
  32. Amagase, H. “General Toxicity and Histological Analysis from Acute Toxicological Study of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) juice (GoChiTM) in Rodents” FASEB J. 2008; 22:lb722.
  33. Amagase, H. “Acute Hematological and Biochemical Effects of a Standardized Lycium barbarum (Goji) Juice, GoChiTMin Rodents” FASEB J. 2008; 22:889.17.